Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals
throughout the world and are insidious in onset, chronic in nature, and yield significant …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant type. The roles of autophagy and apoptosis in …

Mitochondria are critical organelles in cells. Mitochondria are found in animal, fungi, and
plant cells and use aerobe respiration to provide energy to the cell through the generation of …

Autoimmune diseases (AID) have emerged as prominent contributors to disability and
mortality worldwide, characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms involving genetic …

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent consequences of
diabetes, with a high incidence and disability rate. The DPN's pathogenesis is extremely …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, typified by
obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. It stems from intricate …

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems can offer promising tools to assess
pathological disease mechanisms and assist with diagnosis and treatment of multiple …