Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular
senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the …

The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an
evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response …

The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue and organ function due to genetic and
environmental factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. Oxidative stress is one the most important …

Aging is a gradual, continuous series of natural changes in biological, physiological,
immunological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social processes. Aging …

Effectively treating infectious diseases often requires a multi-step approach to target different
components involved in disease pathogenesis. Similarly, the COVID-19 pandemic has …

Introduction Aging causes several changes in the immune system, although immune aging
is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and …

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent
studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional …

Innate immune cells can potentiate the response to reinfection through an innate form of
immunological memory known as trained immunity. The potential of this fast-acting …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to
mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB …