Infectious diseases and infections remain a leading cause of death in low-income countries
and a major risk to vulnerable groups, such as infants and the elderly. The immune system …

Aging is typified by a progressive decline in mitochondrial activity and stress resilience.
Here, we review how mitochondrial stress pathways have pleiotropic effects on cellular and …

Mitochondria, which play central roles in immunometabolic diseases, have their own
genome. However, the functions of mitochondria-located noncoding RNAs are largely …

miRNAs can be found in serum and other body fluids and serve as biomarkers for disease.
More importantly, secreted miRNAs, especially those in extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as …

Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Abstract Purpose of Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health challenge. This …

Background Old age is characterized by a peculiar low-grade, chronic, and “sterile”
inflammatory state, which has been termed “inflammaging.” This is believed to substantially …

Fibrosis, defined by the excess deposition of structural and matricellular proteins in the
extracellular space, underlies tissue dysfunction in multiple chronic diseases. Approved …

Aging is a predominant risk factor for several chronic diseases that limit healthspan.
Mechanisms of aging are thus increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets …

Human gut microbiome is a promising target for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Measures
altering gut microbiota like oral intake of probiotics or berberine (BBR), a bacteriostatic …