Vaccines represent one of the greatest triumphs of modern medicine. Despite the common
origins of vaccinology and immunology more than 200 years ago, the two disciplines have …

The impact of intrinsic aging upon human peripheral blood T cell subsets remains
incompletely quantified and understood. This impact must be distinguished from the …

To generate vaccine-mediated protection is a complex challenge. Currently available
vaccines have largely been developed empirically, with little or no understanding on how …

An effective immune response against viral infections depends on the activation of cytotoxic
T cells that can clear infection by killing virus-infected cells. Proper activation of these T cells …

Influenza is a leading cause of death in the elderly, and the vaccine protects only a fraction
of this population. A key aspect of antibody-mediated anti-influenza virus immunity is …

The ability of the human immune system to protect against infectious disease declines with
age and efficacy of vaccination reduces significantly in the elderly. Aging of the immune …

The development of aluminum salts (alum) as vaccine adjuvants was an empirical process
with little understanding of the mechanism of action and, with decades of use, it has become …

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the
immune response to influenza vaccination in adults. We conducted a literature search of …

Vaccines are powerful tools to develop immune memory to infectious diseases and prevent
excess mortality. In older adults, however vaccines are generally less efficacious and the …

During seasonal influenza epidemics, disease burden is shouldered predominantly by the
very young and the elderly. Elderly individuals are particularly affected, in part because …