The immune system is the central regulator of tissue homeostasis, ensuring tissue
regeneration and protection against both pathogens and the neoformation of cancer cells. Its …

Aging is the result of the deterioration of the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and
immune systems), which preserve the organism's health. We propose that the age-related …

TLR4, a transmembrane receptor, plays a central role in the innate immune response. TLR4
not only engages with exogenous ligands at the cellular membrane's surface but also …

Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized
skeletal muscle disorder, can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity …

The musculoskeletal system supports the movement of the entire body and provides blood
production while acting as an endocrine organ. With aging, the balance of bone …

Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells
play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen …

Both age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and age-related loss in vestibular function (ARVL) are
prevalent conditions with deleterious consequences on the health and quality of life. Age …

Immune system is a versatile and dynamic body organ which offers survival and endurance
of human beings in their hostile living environment. However, similar to other cells, immune …

Aging reduces homeostasis and contributes to increasing the risk of brain diseases and
death. Some of the principal characteristics are chronic and low-grade inflammation, a …

Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterised by systemic
changes in both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body …