Biological aging is an inevitable and independent risk factor for a wide array of chronic
diseases including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Ample evidence has established …

Advanced age is associated with a disproportionate prevalence of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). Intrinsic alterations in the heart and the vasculature occurring over the life course …

Aging is a degenerative process that unfortunately is an inevitable part of life and risk factor
for cardiovascular disease including heart failure. Among the several theories purported to …

The heart is highly sensitive to the aging process. In the elderly, the heart tends to become
hypertrophic and fibrotic. Stiffness increases with ensuing systolic and diastolic dysfunction …

The heart is dependent on ATP production in mitochondria, which is closely associated with
cardiovascular disease because of the oxidative stress produced by mitochondria …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed nations. While it
has received the least public attention, aging is the dominant risk factor for developing …

Significance: Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of changing their shape and
distribution by undergoing either fission or fusion. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics …

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases with advancing age. Although long-
term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of …

Autophagy is a catabolic process for eliminating macromolecules and damaged organelles
by a highly regulated lysosomal pathway. Importantly, autophagy serves as an integral …

Cardiac hypertrophy is often initiated as an adaptive response to haemodynamic stress or
myocardial injury, and allows the heart to meet an increased demand for oxygen. Although …