Non-specific protective effects of certain vaccines have been reported, and long-term
boosting of innate immunity, termed trained immunity, has been proposed as one of the …

ABSTRACT Every year, influenza causes 290.000 to 650.000 deaths worldwide and
vaccination is encouraged to prevent infection in high-risk individuals. Interestingly, cross …

Influenza could circulate in parallel with COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, some
studies observed inverse associations between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 …

In recent months, there has been much hype in newspapers and on social media (although
less so in the scientific community) regarding an alleged association between influenza …

Trained immunity is a long-term increase in responsiveness of innate immune cells, induced
by certain infections and vaccines. During the last 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic …

Governments worldwide are implementing mass vaccination programs in an effort to end the
novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 …

The last 2019/20 northern hemisphere influenza season overlapped with the first wave of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Italy was the first western country where …

Background With a unique influenza season occurring in the midst of a pandemic, there is
interest in assessing the role of the influenza vaccine in COVID-19 susceptibility and …

ABSTRACT Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread around the world …