Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of
intracellular aggregates of misfolded alpha-synuclein along the cerebral axis. Several …

Background Parkinson's disease is characterized by a high burden of gastrointestinal
comorbidities, especially constipation and reduced colonic transit time, and by gut …

Objective Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported
repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which …

Introduction In recent years the hypothesis that gut microbiota associates with Parkinson's
disease (PD) has gained importance, although it has not been possible to define a specific …

Gut microbiota and amino acids that are one of their metabolites play important roles in the
mechanism of pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been reported that the level of …

Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and intracellular
inclusions composed mainly of alpha synuclein (α-syn), but the mechanism of pathogenesis …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a clinically heterogenic disorder characterized by distinct clinical
entities. Most studies on motor deficits dichotomize PD into tremor dominant (TD) or non …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a systemic disease clinically defined by the
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. While alterations in the gut microbiome …

Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of microbial metabolites in Parkinson's disease (PD)
have been increasingly reported. Dysbiosis in the composition and abundance of gut …

Gut microbiota have been studied in relation to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
(PD) due to the early gastrointestinal symptomatology and presence of alpha-synuclein …