The successive discoveries of fullerenes1 and carbon nanotubes2 (CNTs) around 1990
triggered a hot wave of scientific research to explore the properties and applications of these …

The unique ability of carbon atoms to participate in robust covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms in diverse hybridization states (sp, sp 2, sp 3) or with nonmetallic elements enables …

The discovery of the fullerenes, the first molecular allotropes of carbon, in the gas phase in
19851 and the equally remarkable discovery of their synthesis in macroscopic amounts by …

The discovery of fullerenes (also known as buckyballs) has generated tremendous
excitement and opened up a new field of carbon chemistry. As the first book available on this …

Since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene C60 (Chart 1) by Kroto, Smalley, and Curl, 1-4 a
number of reports concerning new carbon allotropes having a variety of threedimensional …

Since the macroscopic synthesis of C60 and C70 in 1990,[1] the fullerene family has drawn
attention with potential applications in a wide range of scientific and industrial areas. C60 …

Fullerenes are characterized by their unique arrangement of pyramidalized sp2-carbons into
spherical structures. 1 The two most abundant fullerenes formed by evaporation of graphite …

Carbon was believed to be such a well-understood element that the discovery of a whole
new class of pure carbon molecules, namely C60 and related fullerenes, at the end of the …

The aim of this focus article is to emphasize those aspects of fullerene chemistry which
currently represent important challenges for the development and future applications of …

Large scientific community has been passionate in understanding different carbon
nanostructures for last two decades. In this review, we present the general description of low …