Most European forests are used for timber production. Given the limited extent of
unmanaged (and especially primary) forests, it is essential to include commercial forests in …

The COST Action BOTTOMS-UP (CA18207: https://www. bottoms-up. eu/en/) took up the
challenge to increase the degree of sustainability of European temperate forest …

Executive summary How can we effectively maintain and enhance forest biodiversity in
Europe? hampered efforts to build a standardised, EU-level overview of how forest …

We review the effects of human impact on biodiversity of European forests in the light of
recent views on disturbances and succession in ecosystems, and discuss recent ideas on …

This volume of Ecological Bulletins with 38 papers is dedicated to the development of
targets and tools for the maintenance of forest biodiversity, with special emphasis on boreal …

According to the forest law, the conservation of biological diversity is an integral part of the
multifunctional forestry in Switzerland. To date, biodiversity conservation has mainly been …

Forest management greatly influences biodiversity across spatial scales. At the landscape
scale, combining management systems that create different stand properties might promote …

The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management
(SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly …

The provisioning of multiple ecosystem functions and services such as timber production,
protection against natural hazards, biodiversity conservation, water purification, CO2 …

Background Tree to tree interactions are important structuring mechanisms for forest
community dynamics. Forest management takes advantage of competition effects on tree …