In the last decade, emerging evidence has reported correlations between the gut
microbiome and human health and disease, including those affecting the brain. We …

Within the last century, human lifestyle and dietary behaviors have changed dramatically.
These changes, especially concerning hygiene, have led to a marked decrease in some …

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication
between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over …

The gut is connected to the CNS by immunological mediators, lymphocytes,
neurotransmitters, microbes and microbial metabolites. A mounting body of evidence …

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome impacts brain development and
function. Gut–brain connections may be mediated by an assortment of microbial molecules …

Emerging evidence supports that the gut microbiome, reconsidered as a new organ in the
human body, can not only affect the local gut, but also communicate with the brain via …

Intimate metabolic host–microbiome crosstalk regulates immune, metabolic, and neuronal
response in health and disease, yet remains untapped for biomarkers or intervention for …

Microbial-derived metabolites are the intermediate or end products of bacterial digestion.
They are one of the most important molecules for the gut to connect with the brain …

The involvement of the gut microbiota and the metabolites of colon-residing bacteria in brain
disease pathogenesis has been covered in a growing number of studies, but comparative …

Human lifestyle and dietary behaviors contribute to disease onset and progression.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), considered multifactorial disorders, have been …