Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affects millions
of people globally. There is no cure, and its prevalence will double by 2030. In recent years …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. PD
patients suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunctions and alterations of the autonomous nervous …

It is widely believed that environmental exposures contribute to the vast majority of late-
onset sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), alone or via interactions with genetic factors. The …

Background: The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) can last up to 20 years and
is characterized by a variety of non-motor symptoms. Objective: To determine the prevalence …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The
typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range of nonmotor …

It is well-recognized that the gut microbiota (GM) is crucial for gut function, metabolism, and
energy cycles. The GM also has effects on neurological outcomes via many mechanisms …

Introduction: Constipation is a common nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) and
has been reported to increase the risk of developing PD. However, previous studies have …

Sleep disturbances may signal presence of prodromal parkinsonism, including Parkinson's
disease. Whether general sleep quality or duration in otherwise healthy subjects is related to …

Neurologists nowadays no longer view neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's and
Alzheimer's disease, as single entities, but rather as a spectrum of multifaceted symptoms …

Parkinson's disease is a very complex public health problem with different etiologies and a
wide range of clinical features including motor and non-motor symptoms. The aim of the …