Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Maintenance of protein homeostasis and organelle integrity and function is critical for
cellular homeostasis and cell viability. Autophagy is the principal mechanism that mediates …

The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

The cancer-immunity cycle provides a framework to understand the series of events that
generate anti-cancer immune responses. It emphasizes the iterative nature of the response …

Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is
populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant components of the tumor
microenvironment (TME) and influence cancer hallmarks, but without systematic …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are central players in the microenvironment of solid
tumors, affecting cancer progression and metastasis. CAFs have diverse phenotypes …

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin,
phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor …

The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Breast cancers are complex cellular ecosystems where heterotypic interactions play central
roles in disease progression and response to therapy. However, our knowledge of their …