Clustering is one of the fundamental approaches used to optimize energy consumption in
wireless sensor networks. Clustering protocols proposed in the literature can be classified …

In today's sensor network research, numerous technologies are used for the enhancement
of earlier studies that focused on cost-effectiveness in addition to time-saving and novel …

In wireless sensor networks, the energy source is limited to the capacity of the sensor node's
battery. Clustering in WSN can help with reducing energy consumption because …

The usage of wireless sensor devices in many applications, such as in the Internet of Things
and monitoring in dangerous geographical spaces, has increased in recent years. However …

Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) provide realistic application design
capabilities. The sensor nodes (SNs) are arranged in groups or clusters. Each cluster has a …

Many wireless sensor‐based applications use LEACH as a preferred routing protocol owing
to its unique features such as optimal sleeping time, minimum packet collisions, dynamic …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes are devices with limited power, and rational
utilization of node energy and prolonging the network lifetime are the main objectives of the …

Abstract 3D wireless sensor network (3D-WSN) has attracted significant interests in recent
years due to its applications in various disciplinary fields such as target detection, object …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expected to find extensive applicability and
accelerating deployment in the future. However, the main challenge faced in WSN is its …

In order to maximize the network performance of heterogeneous sensor networks and
effectively control the network cost, a clustering routing algorithm based on wolf pack …