In this paper, we propose a simple simulation model for analyzing and evaluating the low
energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol's performance in a noisy realistic …

Nowadays, the demand for high-performance wireless sensor networks (WSN) is increasing,
and its power requirement has threatened the survival of WSN. The routing methods cannot …

Wireless sensor networks are distinguished by their ability to collect data related to physical
or chemical phenomena and transfer them to specialized processing centers through …

The routing protocol of wildlife monitoring Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) networks cannot balance
node energy consumption, leading to early node death. Therefore, the research on energy …

The primary goal of wireless sensor networks from a design point of view is to enhance the
network's lifetime. Among the different options for reducing operational energy consumption …

A staggering number of applications rely on the network architecture to carry out their tasks,
which has led to a fast growth in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The possibility of harmful …

Abstract In Wireless Sensor Networks, network lifetime optimization has challenging and
significant issue. Subsequently, most of the existing works delineate several factors to …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) grapple with a challenging and pivotal issue: how to
maximize the network's lifespan. To improve the quality of service (QoS) and extend the life …

Metaheuristic algorithms are recognized for developing new algorithms and optimizing
various aspects in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Evaluating a multitude of possible …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network comprised of tiny sensor nodes. These sensors
are characterized by limited memory, low processing capacity, limited power, and …