A new era of nanomedicines that involve nucleic acids/gene therapy has been opened after
two decades in 21st century and new types of more efficient drug delivery systems (DDS) …

Mitochondrial diseases are some of the most common inherited neurometabolic disorders,
and major progress has been made in our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these …

DddA-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs)—which are fusions of split DddA halves and
transcription activator-like effector (TALE) array proteins from bacteria—enable targeted C• …

Mitochondria are subject to unique genetic control by both nuclear DNA and their own
genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), of which each mitochondrion contains multiple …

This article presents a personal and critical review of the history of the malate–aspartate
shuttle (MAS), starting in 1962 and ending in 2020. The MAS was initially proposed as a …

Mitochondria host key metabolic processes vital for cellular energy provision and are central
to cell fate decisions. They are subjected to unique genetic control by both nuclear DNA and …

The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged in the last decade as critical cell-to-cell
communication devices used to carry nucleic acids and proteins between cells. EV cargo …

Abstract Purpose of Review Mitochondria play various roles that are important for cell
function and survival; therefore, significant mitochondrial dysfunction may have chronic …

The precise control of the artificially induced reactions inside living cells is emerging as an
effective strategy for the regulation of cell functions. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the …