Wireless-sensor networks (WSNs) are networks of autonomous nodes used for monitoring
an environment. Developers of WSNs face challenges that arise from communication link …

Due to recent advances in wireless communication technologies, there has been a rapid
growth in wireless sensor networks research during the past few decades. Many novel …

Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is an emerging nature-inspired, swarmintelligence
based algorithm to solve optimization problems more efficiently. This algorithm is based on …

In real-life applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), optimization of the network
operation is required to extend its lifetime. A framework is proposed that enables practical …

Many cluster-based routing techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been
proposed in the literature. However, most of the proposed protocols emphasized on the …

Optimization algorithms are widely employed for finding optimal solutions in many
applications. Stochastic optimization algorithms including nature-inspired optimization …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of many low cost, low power devices with
sensing, local processing and wireless communication capabilities. Recent advances in …

Sensors usually operate on battery power, which limits energy consumption. Energy efficient
optimization algorithms allow nodes to use smartly without wasting battery consumption …

LEACH protocol is one of the clustering routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. The
advantage of LEACH is that each node has the equal probability to be a cluster head, which …

Coal mining activities have caused serious environmental problems; however, almost 30%
of global primary energy demand is met using coal, making it difficult to replace in the near …