Researchers from diverse backgrounds are converging on the view that human evolution
has been shaped by gene–culture interactions. Theoretical biologists have used population …

There has long been interest in understanding the genetic basis of human adaptation. To
what extent are phenotypic differences among human populations driven by natural …

What is the nature of the genetic changes underlying phenotypic evolution? We have
catalogued 1008 alleles described in the literature that cause phenotypic differences among …

The human gastrointestinal tract is divided into sections, allowing digestion and nutrient
absorption in the proximal region to be separate from the vast microbial populations in the …

Members of the genus Brucella are pathogenic bacteria exceedingly well adapted to their
hosts. The bacterium is transmitted by direct contact within the same host species or …

Humans learned to exploit ruminants as a source of milk about 10,000 years ago. Since
then, the use of domesticated ruminants as a source of milk and dairy products has …

Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between
nature and human society. Characteristics of human society—including culture, economics …

Pleiotropy is the well-established phenomenon of a single gene affecting multiple traits. It
has long played a central role in theoretical, experimental, and clinical research in genetics …

Moral psychology is a rapidly growing field with two principle lineages. The main line began
with Jean Piaget and includes developmental psychologists who have studied the …

Populations adapt to novel environments in two distinct ways: selection on pre-existing
genetic variation and selection on new mutations. These alternative sources of beneficial …