What is an international crisis and how does it begin? There are two defining conditions:(l) a
change in type and/or an increase in intensity of disruptive interactions between two or more …

The 1967 Middle East crisis has attracted much attention from academics. Writing about the
initial stage of this crisis, some researchers have noted that the principal participants at the …

This dissertation examines presidential leadership style and the impact of individual
characteristics of leaders (ie, their needs for power and affiliation, complexity, locus of …

From the point of macro‐sociology and comparative politics, the collapse of communism in
1989 largely came as a surprise. 1 Before further reflecting on this, first, some key concepts …

Understanding how decision makers view a foreign policy problem is important in predicting
the choices they will make. When several members of a government are collectively …

This paper examines whether the multilateral liberalization of trade in capital services could
contribute to economic development by reducing the per-capita income gap between source …