P-type transport ATPases comprise an important family of homologous enzymes of
eucaryotic and procaryotic origin which are involved in the active pumping of cations across …

Cardiac and nerve Na channels have broadly similar functional properties and amino acid
sequences, but they demonstrate specific differences in gating, permeation, ionic block …

Voltage-activated ion channels respond to changes in membrane voltage by coupling the
movement of charges to channel opening. AK+ channel-specific radioligand was designed …

The activation of Shaker K+ channels is steeply voltage dependent. To determine whether
conserved charged amino acids in putative transmembrane segments S2, S3, and S4 …

In response to membrane depolarization, voltage-gated ion channels undergo a structural
rearrangement that moves charges or dipoles in the membrane electric field and opens the …

Voltage-dependent movement of a sodium channel S4 segment was examined by cysteine
scanning mutagenesis and testing accessibility of the residues to hydrophilic cysteine …

We have probed internal and external accessibility of S4 residues to the membrane-
impermeant thiol reagent methanethiosulfonate-ethyltrimethylammonium (MTSET) in both …

The wealth of accumulating data from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequencing
project has rapidly accelerated the discovery of novel potassium channel genes and now …

Sodium channels have four homologous domains (D1-D4) each with six putative
transmembrane segments (S1-S6). The highly charged S4 segments in each domain are …

This report outlines a simple mechanism, based on the Hall Effect, by which static and low
frequency (50–60 Hz) pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can modify cation flow across …