Cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in contributing to the initiation,
propagation and regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Also, these soluble …

Proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin
(IL)-6, have multiple effects in the central nervous system (CNS) not strictly cytotoxic being …

Axon injury rapidly activates microglial and astroglial cells close to the axotomized neurons.
Following motor axon injury, astrocytes upregulate within hour (s) the gap junction protein …

Cytokines are a diverse family of intercellular signaling proteins that influence the
movement, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and membrane processes of target cells …

The low expression of MHC antigens is believed to be one factor of importance contributing
to the immune-privileged status of CNS neurons. We here describe that motoneurons, in …

The expression of interferon γ (TFN-γ) mRNA in purified cultures of glial cells and
leptomeningeal fibroblasts from the neonatal rat brain was analysed using semi-quantitative …

In situ and in vitro studies suggest that activation of locally produced complement factors
may act as a mediator between amyloid deposits and neurodegenerative changes seen in …

THE suprachiasmatic nuclei serve as the dominant circadian pacemaker in the mammalian
brain, regulating daily behavioral, physiological and hormonal rhythms. In the ventrolateral …

Interferon-γ can facilitate the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex and elicit neuropathic pain-
related behavior in rats and mice. Immunoreactivity for the interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR) …

IFN-β has recently been shown to exert remarkable beneficial effects on disease
development in patients with early stage relapsing-remitting MS. The specific immune …