Photoautotrophic algae inhabit a dynamic photic zone that changes both in light quantity
and quality. Algae possess adaptive mechanisms to maximize light harvesting and to limit …

In biological research on the ozone depletion issue, action spectra are typically used as
biological spectral weighting functions (BSWF). There has been little testing, however, of the …

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a naturally occurring stressor to most forms of life. The sole
relevant source of this stressor is the sun. The Earth's stratospheric ozone layer reduces the …

The total amount of energy reaching the outer limit of the Earth's atmosphere is defined as
the solar constant. This is an inappropriate name for a magnitude that is known to vary over …

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Big Picture—Earth and its
Environment The Small Picture—Business Enterprises Valuation of Environmental …