ContextPhysiologic changes of pregnancy include insulin resistance, thrombophilia,
immunosuppression, and hypervolemia. These changes may herald the development of …

The initiation and perpetuation of innate and adaptive immunity is dependent on the ability
of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to sense in flammatory stimuli; produce …

Estrogens have been shown to modulate immune responses. Several studies have
demonstrated the capacity of T cells, B cells, and monocytes to respond to estrogens and …

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) increases significantly with decreasing UV B light
exposure, possibly reflecting a protective effect of vitamin D 3. Consistent with this theory …

Objectives To investigate prospectively how psoriasis fluctuates in pregnancy and post
partum and to correlate hormone levels in pregnancy (progesterone and estrogens) with …

The natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reviewed extensively by various
investigators, including one of the authors of this review in a prior volume of Neurologic …

Objective: To determine whether interferon therapy during human pregnancy increases
reproductive risks in women. Methods: This longitudinal, controlled cohort study consisted of …

Background Exogenous estrogens affect the onset and clinical course of experimental
allergic encephalomyelitis. Oral contraceptives, a frequent source of exogenous estrogens …

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
that may result in a wide range of neurological symptoms and accumulating disability. Its …

Background: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) has a distinct clinical phenotype
and has historically been understudied with few longitudinal natural history studies …