Aspiration of the oropharyngeal or gastric contents by elderly persons often leads to lower
respiratory tract infections, such as aspiration pneumonia or pneumonitis. The existence of …

Vaccinations are powerful tools for combating infections. Because of the age-related
impairment in immune functions, the currently available vaccines are protecting only a small …

Region-specific reference ranges for adult peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets have been
established in few countries around the world, but most studies were restricted to younger …

Introduction 3. Immune system and aging 3.1. IL-6 and aging 3.1. 1. IL-6 structure and
function 3.1. 2. IL-6 receptor: structure and function 3.1. 3. IL-6 and “normal” aging 3.1. 4. IL …

Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for healthy aging. NK cell activation is controlled by
MHC class I-specific CD94/NKG2 receptors and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) …

Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in geriatric oncology, mainly
because of the evidence that advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the development of …

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking behavior and
hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity. A cross‐sectional study …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sleep associated endocrine and immune
changes in the elderly. The interaction of neuro-endocrine and neuro-endocrine–immune …

Interferon-β1a (IFN-β1a) and pentoxifylline (PTX) are reported to be active in relapsing-
remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In …

8. Conclusions It is widely recognized that the assessment of diseases status performed
according to the traditional dichotomy “no disease vs. disease” is insufficient to understand …