The essential amino acid tryptophan is a constituent of proteins and is also a substrate for
two important biosynthetic pathways: the generation of neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the
progressive development of involuntary choreiform movements, cognitive impairment …

Local catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan is considered an important
mechanism in regulating immunological and neurological responses. The kynurenine …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is induced by interferon (IFN)-γ–mediated
effects of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1α (STAT1α) and interferon …

The brain levels of the endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) and its bioprecursor,
the free radical generator 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), are elevated in early stage …

The kynurenine pathway generates the excitotoxic N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor agonist,
quinolinic acid and the glutamate antagonist, kynurenic acid, as well as free‐radical …

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α
have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and in the …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a major route of L-tryptophan catabolism leading to
production of several neurobiologically active molecules. Among them is the excitotoxin …

Insufficient immunosurveillance is an important aspect in early tumorigenesis and in the
pathogenesis of malignant disease. In the later course of cancer, the development of …

This review focuses on possible causes and the impact of different immune states in
schizophrenia and major depression. It discusses the fact that, in schizophrenia, an over …