A broad range of evidence regarding the functional organization of the vertebrate brain–
spanning from comparative neurology to experimental psychology and neurophysiology to …

Cetaceans Have Complex Brains for Complex Cognition | PLOS Biology Skip to main
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Two major theoretical approaches have dominated the quest for uniquely human cognitive
abilities: a developmentalist approach stressing the importance of environmental and social …

In the first part of this paper I characterize a minimal form of self-consciousness, namely pre-
reflective self-consciousness. It is a constant structural feature of conscious experience, and …

Ethology's renewed interest in developmental context coincides with recent insights from
neurobiology and psychology on early attachment. Attachment and social learning are …

Disregard of primary-process consciousness is endemic in mind science. Most
neuroscientists subscribe to ruthless reductionism whereby mental qualities are discarded in …

Merker makes a strong case for the upper brain stem as being the neural home of primary or
phenomenal consciousness. Though less emphasized, he makes an equally strong and …

A Bayesian kinesthetic-visual matching model allows a humanoid robot to perform mirror
self-recognition without social understanding. The robot learns the relationship between its …

Psychologists have studied self-recognition in human infants as an indication of self-
knowledge (Amsterdam, 1972) and the development of abstract thought processes. Gallup …

The ability to use tools is one of the hallmarks of intelligence. Tool use is fundamental to
human life and has been for at least the last two million years. We use tools to extend our …