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As hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are gaining more popularity in the market, the rule of the
energy management system in the hybrid drivetrain is escalating. This paper classifies and …

Global optimization techniques, such as dynamic programming, serve mainly to evaluate the
potential fuel economy of a given powertrain configuration. Unless the future driving …

The highest control layer of a (hybrid) vehicular drive train is termed the Energy
Management Strategy (EMS). In this paper an overview of different control methods is given …

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) represent one of the most promising fuel-saving technologies
in the short-term for improving fuel economy of ground vehicles. Their viability has been …

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have demonstrated their capability of improving the fuel
economy and emission. The plug-in HEV (PHEV), utilizing more battery power, has become …

Concerns over future energy security, energy costs, and competitiveness with other modes
have prompted the railway industry to search for cost-effective energy efficient traction …

The plug-in HEV (PHEV), utilizing more battery power, has become the next-generation HEV
with great promise of higher fuel economy. The charge-depletion mode is more appropriate …

This paper presents the initial results of the development of an approach for the hybrid
control of a class of switched hybrid dynamical systems. This approach involves partitioning …

Reducing fuel consumption has always been a major challenge to the automotive industry.
Whereas first marketing aspects gave rise to innovative research, today the environmental …