Measuring the output of men and women in science and technology has previously been
mostly restricted to case studies or small-scale surveys. Based on an analysis of patent and …

Based on data from a survey of biological scientists at 125 American universities, this article
explores how the commercialization of the university affects the problems academic …

In all countries, across all sectors and in all fields, the percentage of women obtaining
patents is not only less than their male counterparts but it is less than the percentage of …

The gender gap in science and technology has received considerable attention by both
researchers and policy makers. In an effort to better understand the quantity, quality, and …

An increasing amount of research has been dedicated to studying university‐industry
relationships (UIRs). Researchers have studied the impacts of UIRs on the integrity of …

Research on gender differences in productivity rarely includes scientists outside of
academia, or focuses on outcomes beyond scholarly publications. This research employs a …

Women involvement in Spanish patent applications at the Spanish Patent Office during the
period 1990-2005 is analysed. Female inventors were present in 16% of the patents …

Two broad influences have converged to shape a new environment in which universities
must now compete and operate. Shrinking financial resources and a global economy have …

Few papers address the issue of faculty motivations to patent, and none comprehensively
investigates why faculty decide not to patent. To fill this gap, I surveyed Italian faculty …

There have been significant changes in the past three decades in the organization of
scientific research within universities and industrial firms. I focus on the gendered …