Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3 (niacin), is changed to its mononucleotide
compound with the enzyme nicotinic acide/nicotinamide adenylyl-transferase, and …

SUMMARY NAD is a coenzyme for redox reactions and a substrate of NAD-consuming
enzymes, including ADP-ribose transferases, Sir2-related protein lysine deacetylases, and …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic fuel gauge conserved along the
evolutionary scale in eukaryotes that senses changes in the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio …

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for protecting cells from protein-damaging stress
associated with misfolded proteins and regulates the insulin-signaling pathway and aging …

To survive in hostile environments, organisms activate stress-responsive transcriptional
regulators that coordinately increase production of protective factors. Hypoxia changes …

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs; however, its
incidence of cardiotoxicity compromises its therapeutic index. DOX-induced heart failure is …

Objective SIRT1 is known to inhibit apoptosis and to promote survival of various types of
cells. However, the roles of SIRT1 in apoptosis of human chondrocytes have never been …

Abstract Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) belong to the family of NAD+(nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide-positive)-dependent class III histone deacetylases and are involved in …

Neurons require large amounts of energy to support their survival and function, and are
therefore susceptible to excitotoxicity, a form of cell death involving bioenergetic stress that …

Cellular senescence is recognized as a critical cellular response to prolonged rounds of
replication and environmental stresses. Its defining characteristics are arrested cell-cycle …