Memory is a general attribute of living species, whose diversification reflects both
evolutionary and developmental processes. Episodic-autobiographical memory (EAM) is …

Neuroscience has increasingly explored the neural mechanisms underlying our sense of
self. Recent studies have demonstrated the recruitment of regions like the ventral tegmental …

Elephants are widely assumed to be among the most cognitively advanced animals, even
though systematic evidence is lacking. This void in knowledge is mainly due to the danger …

Winner of the British Psychological Society Book Award (Academic Monograph category)
2013! Over the past thirty years, researchers have documented a remarkable growth in …

Background Patterns in the association of individuals can shed light on the underlying
conditions and processes that shape societies. Here we characterize patterns of association …

The “aha” moment or the sudden arrival of the solution to a problem is a common human
experience. Spontaneous problem solving without evident trial and error behavior in …

Western children first show signs of mirror self-recognition (MSR) from 18 to 24 months of
age, the benchmark index of emerging self-concept. Such signs include self-oriented …

We propose a cognitive and neurobiological framework for creativity in nonhuman animals
based on the framework previously proposed by Kaufman and Kaufman (2004), with …

In a 1917 essay entitled “A Difficulty in the Path of Psychoanalysis,” Freud suggests that
modern science has dealt three devastating blows to human pride: the Copernican …

A fashionable view in comparative psychology states that primates possess self-awareness
because they exhibit mirror self-recognition (MSR), which in turn makes it possible to infer …