Adjuvants are essential components of most clinically used vaccines. This is because the
majority of nonliving vaccines are relatively poor inducers of adaptive immunity unless …

OX40 (CD134) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor expressed primarily on activated
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and transmits a potent costimulatory signal when engaged. OX40 is …

Many tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) recognized by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) have been
identified during the last two decades and some of them have been used in clinical trials …

The limitations of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) have necessitated the
development of alternative therapeutics. In this study, we generated ovalbumin (OVA) …

Vaccination of chickens with herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) confers only partial protection
against challenge with a very virulent Marek's disease virus (MDV). Here, we evaluated the …

AIM: To investigate the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist on T
helper (TH) cell differentiation and intracellular transcriptional factors in vitro. METHODS …

Effective antitumor immunotherapy requires the identification of suitable target Ags.
Interestingly, many of the tumor Ags used in clinical trials are present in preparations of …

Background: While the benefit of passive immunotherapy is commonly accepted, active
immunization may have advantages for the patient's quality of life. We identified a new …

Mesothelin (MSLN) is an attractive candidate as a molecular target for pancreatic cancer
immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that cytotoxic T lymphocytes …

Purpose: In previous cancer vaccine clinical trials targeting survivin, induction of specific
CD8+ T-cell responses did not consistently lead to clinical responses. Considering the …