Dry eye is a common yet complex condition. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can cause
dysfunction of the lids, lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, ocular surface cells, or neural …

The tear film is a nourishing, lubricating and protecting layer that bathes the ocular surface. It
is continuously replenished through cycles of production and elimination via evaporation …

Aim The aim of the study was to examine the possibilities of measuring tear osmolarity in a
general clinical setting, and to identify the barriers preventing the uptake of new …

Purpose: To evaluate changes in symptoms, objective tests, and signs after medical
treatment of subjects with evaporative-type dry eye disease (EDE) caused by Meibomian …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of variations in tear osmolarity
and tear meniscus volume in patients with dry eyes and in healthy control subjects over an 8 …

Meibomian lipids are the primary component of the lipid layer of the tear film. Composed
primarily of a mixture of lipids, meibum exhibits a range of melt temperatures. Compositional …

Objective: To assist health professionals dealing with the complex clinical picture of “outer”
eye symptoms—among top-two in office environments–-by an ergophthalmologic approach …

We present a mathematical model describing the spatial distribution of tear film osmolarity
across the ocular surface of a human eye during one blink cycle, incorporating detailed fluid …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure tear film surface quality (TFSQ) using
dynamic high-speed videokeratoscopy during short-term (8 hrs) use of rigid and soft contact …

Citation information: Julio G, Lluch S, Pujol P & Merindano MD. Effects of tear
hyperosmolarity on conjunctival cells in mild to moderate dry eye. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt …