At neuronal excitatory synapses, two major subtypes of the synaptic adhesion molecule
neuroligin are present. These subtypes, neuroligin 1 and neuroligin 3, have roles in …

In mammalian brain, the cellular and molecular events occurring in both synapse formation
and plasticity are difficult to study due to the large number of factors involved in these …

Cell growth and differentiation in developing tissues are, at first impression, quite different
endeavors from readjusting synaptic strength during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in …

Despite recent progress in fluorescence microscopy techniques, electron microscopy (EM) is
still superior in the simultaneous analysis of all tissue components at high resolution …

Cell adhesion molecules and downstream growth factor-dependent signaling are critical for
brain development and synaptic plasticity, and they have been linked to cognitive function in …

Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most widely used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing
agents for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. However, the underlying …

Pathological conditions affect several stages of neurogenesis in the adult brain, including
proliferation, survival, cell fate, migration, and functional integration. Here we explored how …

The granule cells of the dentate gyrus give rise to thin unmyelinated axons, the mossy fibers.
They form giant presynaptic boutons impinging on large complex spines on the proximal …

Background Neocortical circuits are established through the formation of synapses between
cortical neurons, but the molecular mechanisms of synapse formation are only beginning to …

Synapses of hippocampal neurons play important roles in learning and memory processes
and are involved in aberrant hippocampal function in temporal lobe epilepsy. Major …