Mice and rats emit and perceive calls in the ultrasonic range, ie, above the human hearing
threshold of about 20 kHz: so-called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Juvenile and adult rats …

The long-term consequences of early prefrontal cortex lesions occurring before 16 months
were investigated in two adults. As is the case when such damage occurs in adulthood, the …

Although the amygdala complex is a brain area critical for human behavior, knowledge of its
subspecialization is primarily derived from experiments in animals. We here employed …

Successful social interaction partly depends on appraisal of others from their facial
appearance. A critical aspect of this appraisal relates to whether we consider others to be …

Fear conditioning and fear extinction are Pavlovian conditioning paradigms extensively
used to study the mechanisms that underlie learning and memory formation. The neural …

■ Autism has been thought to be characterized, in part, by dysfunction in emotional and
social cognition, but the pathology of the underlying processes and their neural substrates …

Emotion regulation strategies can alter behavioral and physiological responses to emotional
stimuli and the neural correlates of those responses in regions such as the amygdala or …

The present study examined whether automaticity, defined here as independence from
attentional modulation, is a fundamental principle of the neural systems specialized for …

Real‐time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) is a novel technique that has
allowed subjects to achieve self‐regulation of circumscribed brain regions. Despite its …

Major depression has been repeatedly associated with amygdala hyper‐responsiveness to
negative (but not positive) facial expressions at early, automatic stages of emotion …