Postnatal maturation of immune regulation is largely driven by exposure to microbes. The
gastrointestinal tract is the largest source of microbial exposure, as the human gut …

The immune system evolved to require input from at least three sources that we collectively
term the 'old friends':(i) the commensal microbiotas transmitted by mothers and other family …

Epidemiological data point toward a critical period in early life during which environmental
cues can set an individual on a trajectory toward respiratory health or disease,,,,,,,. The …

Objective: The objective of this work was to study the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria
population in human milk of healthy women, and to investigate the influence that several …

Objective To investigate the association between exposure to antibiotics in fetal and early
life and asthma in childhood, with adjustment for confounding factors. Design Nationwide …

Background Maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy has been associated with the
development of asthmatic disorders in the offspring. The human microbiome has been …

Antibiotics may induce alterations in the commensal microbiota of the birth canal in pregnant
women. Therefore, we studied the effect of antibiotic administration during pregnancy on …

Regulation of the immune system is an important function of the gut microbiota. Increasing
evidence suggests that modern living conditions cause the gut microbiota to deviate from the …

Susceptibility to asthma and allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic variants and
environmental exposures (bacteria, viruses, smoking, and pet ownership), alteration of our …

The use of culture-dependent and-independent techniques to study the human milk
microbiota and microbiome has revealed a complex ecosystem with a much greater diversity …