Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals.
While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many …

The significance of contact with microbes in early life for subsequent health has been the
subject of intense research during the last 2 decades. Disturbances in the establishment of …

Interaction with intestinal microbes in infancy has a profound impact on health and disease
in later life through programming of immune and metabolic pathways. We collected maternal …

Background Earlier studies have shown that delivery by cesarean section (CS) is associated
with an increased risk of disease associated with immune function in the offspring, but these …

Volume 42 Number 5 May 2016 233 developed by our research team for use in an
integrated health care delivery system. In this article, we describe the strategy and the tools …

Background Our microbial companions (the “microbiota”) are extremely important for the
preservation of human health. Although changes in bacterial communities (dysbiosis) are …

Gut bacteria strongly influence our metabolic, endocrine, immune, and both peripheral and
central nervous systems. Microbiota do this directly and indirectly through their components …

Background Environmental exposures that occur in utero and during early life may
contribute to the development of childhood asthma through alteration of the human …

Background A recent study suggested that early‐life intestinal microbiota may play an
important role in the development of childhood asthma, indicating that antibiotics taken …

The rapid rise in childhood allergies (atopy) in Westernized nations has implicated
associated environmental exposures and lifestyles as primary drivers of disease …