The growing incidences of new viral diseases and increasingly frequent viral epidemics
have strained therapeutic and preventive measures; the high mutability of viral genes puts …

In order to understand the genetic diversity of A. marginale, several efforts have been made
around the world. This rickettsia affects a significant number of ruminants, causing bovine …

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has demonstrated varying levels of efficacy against
seasonal influenza; however, LAIV may be used as a tool to measure interactions between …

Highlights•Vaccines have eradicated smallpox, nearly eradicated polio, and resulted in
99.9% reduction in incidence rates for many diseases.•There are significant challenges …

Immunomics is a relatively new field of research which integrates the disciplines of
immunology, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and bioinformatics to characterize the …

Human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs in many types, some of which cause cervical, genital,
and other cancers. While vaccination is available against the major cancer-causing HPV …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that are deputed to
recognise a range of molecular structures in pathogens. One of the most studied members of …

Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality annually. Although vaccination offers a
considerable amount of protection, it is far from perfect, especially in aging populations. This …

Although many diseases and traits show large heritability, few genetic variants have been
found to strongly separate phenotype groups by genotype. Complex regulatory networks of …

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have reshaped genome research. The
resulting increase in sequencing depth and resolution has led to an unprecedented level of …