A number of studies have been conducted with the onset of secondary progressive multiple
sclerosis as an inclusion criterion or an outcome of interest. However, a standardized …

Since the approval in 2010 of fingolimod 0.5 mg (Gilenya; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel,
Switzerland) in the USA as an oral therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, long …

Randomised clinical trials are the primary source of evidence, guiding the use of disease-
modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis. However, the spectrum of questions that can be …

Objective To identify predictors of 10‐year Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change
after treatment initiation in patients with relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis. Methods Using …

Introduction: There is consensus that exercise represents a behavioral approach for the
restoration of function and management of symptoms among persons with multiple sclerosis …

Background The management of multiple sclerosis (MS) is rapidly changing by the
introduction of new and more effective disease-modifying agents. The importance of risk …

Background and purpose Much clinical knowledge about multiple sclerosis (MS) has been
gained from patients who attend MS specialty clinics. However, there is limited information …

Background Interferon-β has long-term safety and efficacy profiles for Relapsing Remitting
Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). However, the increasing number of available treatments requires …

R Bergamaschi and C Montomoli patients on the basis of observations taken during an early
stage of the disease. A reliable and personalized model of MS course could be extremely …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by
inflammatory damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulated CNS injury can be …