It is almost a decade since the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (A/H5N1) of
clade 2.2. 1 was introduced to Egypt in 2005, most likely, via wild birds; marking the longest …

In Egypt, avian influenza A subtype H5N1 and H9N2 viruses are enzootic in poultry. The
control plan devised by veterinary authorities in Egypt to prevent infections in poultry …

A major determinant in the change of the avian influenza virus host range to humans is the
E627K substitution in the PB2 polymerase protein. However, the polymerase activity of avian …

Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype are
widely distributed within poultry populations in Egypt and have caused multiple human …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus continues to undergo substantial
evolution. Emergence of antiviral resistance among H5N1 avian influenza viruses is a major …

Avian influenza viruses impose serious public health burdens with significant mortality and
morbidity not only in poultry but also in humans. While poultry susceptibility to avian …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype are enzootic in
poultry populations in different parts of the world, and have caused numerous human …

Since 2006, in Egypt, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has
established endemic status in poultry. Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees …

Large-scale sequence analysis of Matrix (M) gene and its coding proteins M1 and M2 was
performed for 274 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 circulated in Egypt from …

Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry has been conducted since 2009.
Up to 2011, all the detected viruses were H5N1, and the overall prevalence was 5%. In …