Despite the prevalence of nonviolent uprisings in recent history, no existing scholarship has
produced a generalized explanation of when and where such uprisings are most likely to …

Do elections reduce or increase the risk of autocratic regime breakdown? This article
addresses this contested question by distinguishing between election events and the …

A large literature expects rising middle classes to promote democracy. However, few studies
provide direct evidence on this group in nondemocratic settings. This article focuses on …

This article systematically investigates the relationship between internet use and protests in
authoritarian states and democracies. It argues that unlike in democracies, internet use has …

Today a general mood of pessimism surrounds Western efforts to strengthen elections and
democracy abroad. If elections are often deeply flawed or even broken in many countries …

IN THE MID-2000S, THE DECLINE OF OPPOSITION POLITICS in Russia was so sharp and
undisputed that the title of an article I wrote at the time,'Political Opposition in Russia: A …

Since 2005, Angela Merkel has transformed not only the way Germans see themselves but
also the way that politicians worldwide, male and female, perceive women in power. The …

Citizen perceptions of the extent of fraud in a given authoritarian election can differ widely.
This article builds on the literature on information acquisition and processing in democracies …

Electoral integrity is increasingly being recognised as an important component of
democracy, yet scholars still have limited understanding of the circumstances under which …

Recent decades have seen growing concern regarding problems of electoral integrity. The
most overt malpractices used by rulers include imprisoning dissidents, harassing …