Antibiotics are the most common type of medication prescribed to children, including infants,
in the Western world. While use of antibiotics has transformed previously lethal infections …

Numerous studies suggest that infants delivered by cesarean section are at a greater risk of
non-communicable diseases than their vaginal counterparts. In particular, epidemiological …

Antibiotic use during infancy alters gut microbiota and immune development and is
associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. The impact of prenatal antibiotic …

The gastrointestinal microbiota influences immune function throughout the body. The gut-
lung axis refers to the concept that alterations of gut commensal microorganisms can have a …

The colonization of the neonatal digestive tract provides a microbial stimulus required for an
adequate maturation towards the physiological homeostasis of the host. This colonization …

Background Allergic diseases have become a major public health problem in affluent
societies. Microbial colonization early in life seems to be critical for instructing regulation on …

Background The early life microbiome contributes to immune development. Antibiotics
during pregnancy alter the microbiome and may influence disease risks in the offspring. We …

Abstract Purpose of Review Resident microbial communities likely modify risk for allergic
disorders, including food allergy. We review epidemiologic studies linking microbial …

Background An extensive exposure to antibiotics has been confirmed in children, but the
predictors and potential health risk remain unclear. Objective To investigate the predictors of …

Studies carried in the last years have revealed that human milk contains a site-specific
microbiota and constitutes a source of potentially beneficial bacteria to the infant gut. Once …