Executive summary Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature
death in the world today. Diseases caused by pollution were responsible for an estimated 9 …

Schizophrenia patients commonly exhibit substantial and diffuse cognitive impairment.
Evidence suggests that subtle cognitive deficits are already apparent in childhood and …

Social determinants of health are nonmedical factors that can affect a person's overall health
and health outcomes. Where a person is born and the social conditions they are born into …

Millions of Americans now entering midlife and old age were exposed to high levels of lead,
a neurotoxin, as children. Evidence from animal-model and human observational studies …

Lead exposure is a legacy issue that continues to affect vulnerable population groups
globally, but particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICS). We take a multi …

The consequences of lead exposure for later crime are theoretically compelling, but direct
evidence from representative, longitudinal samples is sparse. By capitalizing on an original …

In this article, we review evidence from the social and medical sciences on the causes and
effects of lead exposure. We argue that lead exposure is an important subject for …

Importance Lead is a neurotoxin with well-documented effects on health. Research suggests
that lead may be associated with criminal behavior. This association is difficult to …

Developmental lead (Pb) exposure results in persistent cognitive/behavioral impairments as
well as an elevated risk for developing a variety of diseases in later life. Environmental …

Outdated federal and state occupational lead standards leave workers and their families
vulnerable to the adverse effects of lead. Standards should be updated to reflect the best …