The overall lifetime risk of heart failure (HF) is similar between men and women, however,
there are marked sex differences in the landscape of this condition that are both important …

Measurement of biomarkers has revolutionized the work-up of patients with suspected
cardiovascular disease. The most widely used contemporary cardiovascular biomarkers are …

Background: Differences in proteomic profiles between men and women may provide
insights into the biological pathways that contribute to known sex differences in …

There is a clear sex–gender gap in the prevention and occurrence of diseases, and in the
outcomes and treatments, which is relevant to women in the majority of cases. Attitudes …

Hormones have a vital duty in the conservation of physiological cardiovascular function
during pregnancy. Alterations in oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin levels are …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS)–a clustering of pathological conditions, including abdominal
obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia–is closely associated with the …

Background Experimental research suggests that fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure
might affect embryonic development. However, only few population-based studies have …

Background: Circulating natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are markedly lower in healthy men
than women. A relative NP deficiency in men could contribute to their higher risk of …

It is well known that adult fertile women have about two-fold higher circulating levels of
cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) than men of the same age. Conversely, men have on …

Introduction Sex-specific differences regarding risk factors, symptoms and prognosis have
been reported for several cardiovascular diseases. For patients with pulmonary embolism …