The rapid advancement of Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network (CRAHN) has created a
demand for effectively utilizing the spectrum without affecting the environment. End-to-end …

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are the solution for the problem of underutilizing the
licensed spectrum for which there are more requests in the last couple of decades. In CRNs …

Spectrum detecting is the essential and crucial mechanisms of cognitive radio (CR) to the
invention the unemployed spectrum. CR system has been suggested as a conceivable …

In the routing process, the cost (or weight) of routes determine via a function named routing
criterion. Therefore, the design of Optimal Routing Criterion (ORC) is one of the most crucial …

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology to solve the issue of scarce spectrum
resource utilization. The routing plays a significant role in CR Ad-hoc network and it has two …

Multi-hop routing protocol in cognitive radio mobile ad hoc networks (CRMANETs) is a
critical issue. Furthermore, the routing metric used in multi-hop CRMANETs should re-flect …

The beginning of wireless communication gives birth to cognitive radio mobile ad hoc
networks (CRAHNs). Routing is the main factor in both wired and wireless networks. Three …

Ubiquitous connectivity plays an important role in improving the quality of life in terms of
economic development, health and well being, social justice and equity, as well as in …

The primary objective of the cognitive radio network (CRN) is to improve the spectrum
utilization and achieve significant packet delivery ratio (PDR). However, CRN is high failure …

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising next-generation wireless communication system that
provides efficient utilization of radio spectrum by enabling unlicensed users (or secondary …