Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory
pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused …

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a new zoonotic human
viral pathogen endemic to the Middle East. 1–3 It was identified in 2012 in a lung sample of …

Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an emerging therapy for respiratory failure
but the extent of exhaled air dispersion during treatment is unknown. We examined exhaled …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) act as cross-species viruses and have the potential to spread rapidly
into new host species and cause epidemic diseases. Despite the severe public health threat …

While scientific advances have led to large-scale production and widespread distribution of
vaccines and antiviral drugs, viruses still remain a major cause of human diseases today …

The first edition of this document was published in 2013 and was revised in 2015. The
current version is aligned with other WHO documents on case definitions and laboratory …

Abstract Background Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-COV) is the
main cause of lung and kidney infections in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia and …

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. A
substantial proportion of patients presenting with extrapulmonary TB have urogenital TB (UG …

Background An understanding of immune responses against the Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS) is important for the development of treatments and preventive measures …

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a life-threatening
respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate; however, its risk factors remain unclear. We …