Retroviruses infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts that includes amphibians, reptiles, fish,
birds and mammals. In addition, a typical vertebrate genome contains thousands of loci …

Arrhythmias are common and contribute substantially to cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. The underlying pathophysiology of arrhythmias is complex and remains …

Implanted scaffolds with inductive niches can facilitate the recruitment and differentiation of
host cells, thereby enhancing endogenous tissue regeneration. Extracellular matrix (ECM) …

The development of clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas
systems for genome editing has transformed the way life science research is conducted and …

Xenotransplantation research has made considerable progress in recent years, largely
through the increasing availability of pigs with multiple genetic modifications. We suggest …

The success of organ transplantation is limited by the complications of immunosuppression,
by chronic rejection, and by the insufficient organ supply, and thousands of patients die …

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable programmable C-to-T conversion without DNA double-
stranded breaks and homology-directed repair in a variety of organisms, which exhibit great …

Incredible strides have been made since the discovery of insulin almost 100 years ago.
Insulin formulations have improved dramatically, glucose levels can be measured …

Large animals (non-human primates, livestock and dogs) are playing important roles in
biomedical research, and large livestock animals serve as important sources of meat and …

Genome editing, particularly using of site-directed nucleases such as the CRISPR system,
has spread rapidly through the biological sciences. Genome editing in crops could …