Much progress has been made during the past 30 years with respect to elucidating the
neural and endocrine pathways by which bodily needs for water and energy are brought to …

The motivation to seek and consume water is an essential component of human fluid–
electrolyte homeostasis, optimal function, and health. This review describes the evolution of …

Dysfunction of inhibitory circuits in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex underlies the affective
(aversive), but not the sensory-discriminative features (hypersensitivity) of the pain …

Abstract Dehydration (water loss> 2.0% of body weight) has significant negative effects on
physical and mental performance. In two studies the effects of minor hypo-hydration (water …

Background The stimulatory G-protein α-subunit encoded by GNAS exons 1–13 (GNAS-
Gsα) mediates signal transduction of multiple G protein–coupled receptors, including …

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and its hormone receptors, ie the angiotensin
and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), have emerged as important targets for central nervous …

Neuroimaging studies have shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is consistently
activated by thirst and may underlie the affective motivation of drinking behaviour demanded …

A compulsive phenotype characterizes several neuropsychiatric illnesses–including but not
limited to–schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder. Because of its perceived …

Background and objectives: Hyperthermia with dehydration alters several brain structure
volumes, mainly by changing plasma osmolality, thus strongly affecting neural functions …

Several evidences correlate excessive salt intake with the development or aggravation of
chronic diseases, including hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. One factor that …