Epilepsy involves neuronal dysfunction at molecular, cellular, and circuit levels. The
understanding of the mechanism of the epilepsies has advanced greatly in the last three …

Purpose of review Two large-scale controlled clinical trials have provided Class I evidence
for the benefit of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapy for refractory epilepsy. However …

Objective Drug‐resistant epilepsy causes great clinical danger and still lacks effective
treatments. Methods Here, we used multifaceted approaches combining electrophysiology …

The closed-loop electrical stimulation is emerging as a promising neural modulation therapy
for refractory epilepsy. However, the efficacy of electrical stimulation is less than optimal and …

Hyperexcitability of the neural network often occurs after brain injuries or degeneration and
is a key pathophysiological feature in certain neurological diseases such as epilepsy …

Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has inhibitory effect on hyperexcitability during epileptic
states. However, knowledge is lacking about LFS patterns that can exert an optimal …

Drug resistance is one of the most serious issues in epilepsy. Despite using various
appropriate anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), 30% of epilepsy patients are still drugresistant. The …

Single-target responsive neural stimulation might underlie limited efficacy for seizure
suppression since broad networks in the brain are involved in the epileptic activities. In order …