In the past decade, changes have occurred in the spectrum of multiple sclerosis courses.
The natural history of multiple sclerosis appears milder from the first sign of demyelinating …

Sex differences in the incidence or severity of disease characterize many autoimmune and
neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease with both autoimmune …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative
disease of the central nervous system (CNS). An interesting feature that this debilitating …

Patients with the 'aggressive'form of multiple sclerosis accrue disability at an accelerated
rate, typically reaching Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS)≥ 6 within 10 years of …

Microglia are important for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and first to respond to
tissue damage and perturbations. Microglia are heterogeneous cells; in case of pathology …

Initially recognised as an important factor for bone health, vitamin D is now known to have a
range of effects on the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased …

Background Susceptibility MRI techniques, such as phase and quantitative susceptibility
mapping (QSM) reveal lesion heterogeneity in MS, including the presence of lesions with …

In people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), fatigue, weakness and spasticity may reduce
mobility and promote sedentary behavior. However, little is known about the existence of …

Objectives Recent investigations which have aimed at unraveling the etiology of multiple
sclerosis (MS), have underscored the role of mitochondria in this disorder. PINK1 gene …

Background and objectives: Even though pain in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is common
and possibly associated with reduced quality of life, its exact prevalence and characteristics …