More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell
(RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 …

Single-pass membrane receptors contain extracellular domains that respond to external
stimuli and transmit information to intracellular domains through a single transmembrane …

Homodimeric class I cytokine receptors are assumed to exist as preformed dimers that are
activated by ligand-induced conformational changes. We quantified the dimerization of three …

Molecular recognition in cell biological process is characterized with specific locks‐and‐
keys interactions between ligands and receptors, which are ubiquitously distributed on cell …

The ability to precisely design large proteins with diverse shapes would enable applications
ranging from the design of protein binders that wrap around their target to the positioning of …

Intestinal epithelial self-renewal is a tightly controlled process, which is critically dependent
on WNT signalling. Aberrant activation of the WNT pathway in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) …

Engineered proteins are revolutionizing immunotherapy, but advances are still needed to
harness their full potential. Traditional protein engineering methods use naturally existing …

Following recent hardware and software developments, single particle cryo-electron
microscopy (cryo-EM) has become one of the most popular structural biology tools. Many …

Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are artificial binding proteins that have found
many uses in therapy, diagnostics and biochemical research. They substantially extend the …

Computational protein design is rapidly becoming more powerful, and improving the
accuracy of computational methods would greatly streamline protein engineering by …